What is a network protocol?

A network protocol refers to a set of rules and conventions that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. This includes the format of the messages, the timing of data transmissions, error handling, and the process of establishing connections between devices. By adhering to these established guidelines, devices can communicate effectively, ensuring that data sent from one device can be properly understood and processed by another.

Understanding network protocols is crucial for effective network communication because they enable interoperability between different hardware and software systems. Protocols are foundational for operations in various network scenarios, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the internet itself. The clarity and order provided by network protocols are what enable different devices and applications to function cohesively within diverse network environments.