What role does an SSL certificate play?

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate plays a crucial role in securing the connections between web browsers and servers through encryption. When a website uses an SSL certificate, it establishes a secure session over the internet, allowing sensitive information such as login credentials, payment details, and personal data to be transmitted securely. This is achieved by encrypting the data during transmission, which means that even if the data is intercepted, it cannot be easily read or tampered with.

The presence of an SSL certificate also helps to validate the identity of the website, assuring users that they are communicating with the legitimate site rather than a malicious entity. This secure connection is indicated by the "https://" in the URL and often accompanied by a padlock icon in the browser, signaling to users that their connection is safe and encrypted. Thus, option B accurately reflects the primary function of an SSL certificate in providing secure and encrypted communication over the internet.