Which layer of the OSI model does HTTP operate on?

HTTP, or Hypertext Transfer Protocol, operates at the Application layer of the OSI model. This layer is responsible for providing network services directly to user applications. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted over the internet, and it facilitates communication between web browsers and servers.

The Application layer is the topmost layer of the OSI model and acts as the interface for end-user services. It encompasses protocols that support specific application services such as file transfer, email, and web browsing, with HTTP being integral to web communications.

The other layers serve different functions. The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and reliability, managing data transfer between systems. The Network layer handles routing and forwarding of data packets, determining how data is transmitted across the network. The Data Link layer is focused on node-to-node data transfer and the physical addressing of frames.

By understanding that HTTP functions within the context of application services and user interactions, it becomes clear why it belongs to the Application layer rather than any of the other layers.